Peruvian Civil War 1835-1836

General Felipe Salaverry rose in revolt against the Peruvian government of General Luis de Orbegoso on February 23, 1835. Orbegoso abandoned Lima, Salaverry occupied the capital and proclaimed himself president of the republic. In a few months Salaverry had possession of southern Peru, while Orbegoso was reduced to a small force in the northern provinces. Orbegoso then sought Bolivian intervention. Orbegoso concluded a treaty with the president of Bolivia, General Andrés de Santa Cruz y Calahumana. The threat of Chilean expansion northward, together with the constant turmoil in Peru and repeated Peruvian attempts to invade Bolivia, made a military intervention in a Peruvian civil war in 1835 a matter of life and death for Bolivia. The Bolivian army invaded Peru. Agustín Gamarra, former president of Peru, opposed the intervention with a force that he had raised in the south of Peru, but was defeated by Santa Cruz at Yanacocha, and banished to Chile in June 1835. Meanwhile, Salaverry retired to Arequipa, and on February 7, 1836, was totally routed at Socabaya. After wandering for several days, Salaverry surrendered to General Miller, who delivered him to Santa Cruz, and he was shot. Santa Cruz reorganized that country into two autonomous states -- Northern Peru and Southern Peru -- and joined them with Bolivia in the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation with himself as protector. The potential power of this confederation upset the regional balance of power and aroused the opposition of Argentina and Chile.

References

Bolivia - A Country Study; Peru - A Country Study; Agustin Gamarra; Felipe Santiago de Salaverry.

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